Volume 24, No 8, Aug 2014

ISSN: 1001-0602 
EISSN: 1748-7838 2018 
impact factor 17.848* 
(Clarivate Analytics, 2019)

Volume 24 Issue 8, August 2014: 904-905

RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS

Hallmarks of triple negative breast cancer are emerging at last?

Rosa Bernardi¹ and Luca Gianni²

¹Division of Molecular Oncology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute; 20132 Milan, Italy
²Department of Medical Oncology, San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy Correspondence: Luca Gianni,(gianni.luca@hsr.it)

Triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) are clinically heterogeneous but mostly aggressive malignancies devoid of expression of the estrogen, progesterone and HER2 (ERBB2 or NEU) receptors. Recent evidence shows that basal endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is typically activated in TNBC and cooperates with hypoxia signaling to promote tumor progression and relapse; ERS and hypoxia response may therefore be among the long-searched hallmarks of TNBC.

10.1038/cr.2014.61

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