Volume 29, No 5, May 2019

ISSN: 1001-0602 
EISSN: 1748-7838 2018 
impact factor 17.848* 
(Clarivate Analytics, 2019)

Volume 29 Issue 5, May 2019: 347-364   |  Open Access

REVIEWS

The molecular machinery of regulated cell death

Daolin Tang ^1,2 , Rui Kang² , Tom Vanden Berghe ^3,4,5 , Peter Vandenabeele ^3,4,6 and Guido Kroemer ^{7,8,9,10,11,12,13}

¹ The Third Affiliated Hospital, Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, 510510 Guangzhou, Guangdong,China; ² Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; ³Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research,Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; ⁴Department for Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; ⁵Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; ⁶Methusalem program, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; ⁷Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France; ⁸Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; ⁹Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1138 Paris, France; ¹⁰ Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75006 Paris, France; ¹¹ Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94800 Villejuif, France; ¹² Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France and ¹³ Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
Correspondence: Daolin Tang (daolin.tang@utsouthwestern.edu) or Guido Kroemer (kroemer@orange.fr)These authors contributed equally: Daolin Tang, Guido Kroemer

Cells may die from accidental cell death (ACD) or regulated cell death (RCD). ACD is a biologically uncontrolled process, whereas RCD involves tightly structured signaling cascades and molecularly defined effector mechanisms. A growing number of novel non-apoptotic forms of RCD have been identified and are increasingly being implicated in various human pathologies. Here, we critically review the current state of the art regarding non-apoptotic types of RCD, including necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, entotic cell death, netotic cell death, parthanatos, lysosome-dependent cell death, autophagy-dependent cell death, alkaliptosis and oxeiptosis. The in-depth comprehension of each of these lethal subroutines and their intercellular consequences may uncover novel therapeutic targets for the avoidance of pathogenic cell loss.

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41422-019-0164-5

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